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2009-02-20 WHEN YOU ARE OLDWhen you are old and gray and full of sleep And nodding by the fire,take down this book, And slowly read,and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once,and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true; But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur,a little sadly,how love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead, And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 2009-01-01 这一天 每年元旦的加班已成惯例,年终的忙碌也自然的带入到了新的一年里。
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世界上的马克思主义者总可占到一定比例,马克思主义者的特点是,他们缺乏资源,而拥有资源的人都经历过一个控制自己的生命周期,他们从中得到乐趣,他们很难成为真正的马克思主义者,即使他们以前曾是。 我以为,马克思的伟大,并不因为他是一个多么出色的经济学家,他的文章拥有充沛的激情,却并无什么有趣的创见,他使用的逻辑也并不能使持不同价值观的人信服,这是我在阅读了一些相关书籍后形成的看法,但不幸的是,我生于一个信息极度馈乏的年代,最早手上只有马克思的书可看,他对不平公的攻击令弱者内心深处涌起感动与干劲,使我过早地成为他的信徒,但时间流逝,我最终不再相信他说的。 现在,我认为马克思是一个很好的文学家,他用有力的文体与措词,对资本主义制度猛烈攻击,但那攻击的背后,却并无太多建设性意见,事实上,他在诸如货帀理论之类较重要的领域内都无建树,他的视野也不够宽阔,在个人经历中,他并未参与于制定国家政策的实践活动,他的角度,是一个业余天才的角度,而他搞的运动或行动,在经济衰退社会动荡时更容易产生吸引力,而在经济上升期,人们便会产生自私及个人性的梦想。 马克思的梦想是使无产者联合起来,但以他的趣味,是一天也不会去与无产者真的联合起来的,他多半只能同意无产者联合起来后,听他布道,然后听他的指挥。他对于社会制度改进的措施是最容易的,那就是推倒再来,他并不过多顾及别人的牺牲。 马克思最大的魅力在于他对不公平的攻击,这也是所有这一类作家的魅力。(我在中国股评中总能听到马克思的声音。)在他的文章中,他喜欢使用一种极端的对比来使他所描述的种种不公正显得非常邪恶,然而,以他举例的水准,很容易让人们想到他本人所处的位置,事实上,无论我如何研究他的个人生活,他也总是刚好成为他所说的不公正的受益者,一百多年后的中国业余天才,目前都无法享受到他在那么不公正的时代所享受到的成功与权力。 马克思是一位总是被提起的人,他是我第一位读到的思想家,二十多年过去了,总是有什么事情使我抬手去翻看他的作品,但一次比一次更感到言不及物,当今世界的状况已变得空前复杂了,曾被整理出的历史像一本使用过久的厚书,变得页码零乱。若是马克思可活到今天,可读到有关复杂适应性理论,我猜他便不会对社会现实表现得那么大惊小怪了。 在中国当代,若是谁拥有稳定的家庭生活,以及一些说话尖刻的资产阶级朋友,我想这样的中国作家是不会去写《资本论》的,最多也就是写一些谈谈中国股改的文章解解气罢了。 但我相信,人们无法忘记年轻时代读到的马克思,这里多半是时空发生作用,那些对于人类活动真正感兴趣的人,若是先读到的是亚当·斯密,马尔萨斯,托克维尔,那么,当他翻开马克思的时候便不会读得太多,因人们已获得另一种视野来观察社会,并关注另一些更为深刻的问题,那时,他们中的一些人会放弃马克思的视角。 关于不公正与不公平,人们很难听到什么新的创见,最初的不公平与不公正在我们出生的那一天就注定了,而且,当那些抱怨不公正的人取得了权力,他们多半也会像他们抱怨的那样不公正,而我们的择抉很难指向如何改变人类的不公正,就如同人们不会花太多力气把一个笨蛋变成天才,那多半被认为是不明智。 事实上,历史上的人们拿着马克思的理论作为行动指导,结果导致一个又一个社会性的灾难,那些空怀一腔梦想的人们不得不一次再一次地问,是马克思错了,还是那些领导者用错了他的想法? 我不得不说,马克思并不是一位特别富于创见的作家,他把社会运作看得过于简单,他特别指出,一部分人是如何得到另一部分人的剩余劳动价值,但他并没有基于历史的观点说,这种夺取至少比直接拿取更好,人们在为一个共同目标组织起来之前或之后,人性并未改变,人们以利益为链条的自组织,也许便是人们能想到的最好的合作方式。 马克思自顾自以为,社会人应以劳动为人生第一需求,事实上,人的好逸恶劳简直就是无师自通,如果无薪水可领,那么整个城市都会无人上班,而人追求权力的欲望从马克思自己的经历中,完全可以活灵活现地体现出来,马克思为人尖刻,一生讥讽过很多名人,而其中一些人很明显比他要正直纯洁,当然,他也被别人讥讽,若是把他的负面消息发布出来,那么当然会加深我们对他的了解,不过,当我们相信马克思,便不喜欢那样的信息。 当然,在马克思眼里,对自己的宽容是天经地义的,而对他人,他悄悄提高了要求,在他的想象中,管理者应以一种最纯洁的基督徒的方式,来履行他的社会信托责任,然而现实的回答却是公共财产管理者的腐败以及管理的低效。 涉及分配制度时,马克思简直就以指责有产者为富不仁为已任,而他本人的部分经济来源就是有产者提供,事实上,换成一个更有原则的人,会拒绝那些资助,因为依他的观点,那财富的来源是不道德的,这方面,马克思与卢梭很相像,他们都喜欢恃才倚富,反过头来又贬低支持过他们的阶级。 马克思有一阵儿对工会很感兴趣,以为工会可帮助工人得到更多利益,但现实中的工会头头脑脑们,一旦得到为工人谋利益的代理权,即成为市场上的新贵,当然他们首先要为自己谋利益,他们的贪婪与腐败并未输于任一个与他们一样有权力的阶级,而马克思抨击的强调民主的资本主义仍是人类发现的最高效的生产消费组织形式,他力荐的更理想的生产方式,在实践中被证明是一种缺少激励的低效组织,并不适合现存的人类。 尽管马克思在大英博物馆发愤苦读,但不幸的是,有很多重要资料他并未得到,他成为信息封闭的牺牲者,他的理论缺乏某种恰当的灵活性,虽然语气自信有力,不容质疑,却也显得武断而缺乏深意,这是业余天才的特征。 他并未注意到,管理市场的信息成本惊人的高昂,在一个阶级与另一阶级间形成厚重的壁垒,难以突破,即使在信息成本很低的互联网时代,仍是无法形成对称,他更没有认识到,人们因其价值观的不同,会基于同一事实选取不同的行动及策略,这使得社会信息更为难以被某一个阶层所把握,他更无法看到,由信息与知识形成的权力,其力量与由强制形成的权力并无本质的不同。 马克思以为,拥有资本的人十分贪婪,却并未顺手说一说,贪婪是普遍的人性,其实无产者与负资产者也同样的贪婪,只是少了一分有产者的干劲与运气而已。 在马克思的政治经济学理论中,私有制被从罪恶角度抽丝拨茧般地分析,然而从同一角度,你几乎可分析人类生活的一切领域,当人类的情感被义愤所控制,那么分析便会服务于义愤,然而义愤不解决问题,制度是人订的,说到罪恶最终会在具体的人身上落地,到时大家更无话可说。那些喜欢把自己看成是无辜的、被欺诈的人类,通常只是一种性格,而不是事实,(例如常有罪犯说社会逼迫他们犯罪,他的话并不是很值得相信,因情况很清楚,与他同样境遇的人并没有全部铤而走险,犯罪只是他的个人抉择而已。) 人们都同意,经济学必须建立在伦理的基础上,但人们很难同意相互指责对方不道德有助于人类社会的发展,我们需要的是对人性理解更加深刻的伦理学,以便在制定制度时恰当地使用宽容。 事隔多年,我发现了所有马克思没有谈到的一切,比如合约,都被另一些政治经济学家反复强调,并形成种种不同于他的有效理论,这些理论更有生命力。 人们需要拥有私人财产的感觉,人们也需要共同财富来维护社会运转,无产者联合起来的目的,是为了创造财富,使自己成为有产者,从而生活得更自由更快乐,若是没有这一前提,我们所讨论的政治经济学就会成为一种泄愤的工具,而不是建设性意见,把义愤带进经济学,易让我们陷入盲目与暴力。 马克思喜欢从历史中找到他的理论根据,他以为从历史中可找出某条通向未来的道路,他预言的暴力革命果真发生了,但之后的事情却与他想象的大相径庭,这使我们无法把马克思的话当真。如今,那些在马克思时代试图把握历史的雄心壮志早已灰飞烟灭,人们能够买对期货与期权,或是一个团队可以按时完成有风险的研究计划,就算是小规模的把握历史了——人们对于复杂自适应的系统的研究表明,历史大概只能一天天被创造,却是很难把握的。 人类历史一直在不停的演绎,相关元素多得数不胜数,且范围大得超乎想象,有关原因与结果的争论我们已听到很多,且无法形成一致意见,我们现在懂得,所有的对于历史的归纳都有其封闭之处,而历史的教训却很难令人记取,我们不再追求我们的完美,而是掉头去理解我们的不完美——时间是那么有趣,就连被我们基因记住的教训都有错误之处,我们见到老虎还会紧张,但我们已很难再见到一直对着我们扑过来的老虎了,我们的紧张也成为一种多余。 现在,谈论人类邪恶还是高尚已不再具有道德高度,我们似乎是更加适应了自己,我们不再想,这是好的还是坏的?而是在盘算:我们能否利用这个人或这一件事达成我们的目标?我们对于面临的东西是否可以接受?我们是退缩还是进取?我们是同意还是反对?我们是离开还是继续?我们对事态进程的了解,决定了我们的信心与预测。 我们已不会为一些词语而激动,比如自由,互联网使我们与所谓的自由世界很贴近,但我们现在已并不真的在意在那些自由了,因我们知道,什么都是有代价的,而有些代价我们并不打算付出,我们人人都知道,长期的勤劳与节俭可使人致富,但有几人会去长期的勤劳与节俭?即使我们的智商很高又很努力,为了读懂霍金有关宇宙的的一本书,我们就得学习二十年,而即使读懂了霍金,我们所获得的那一点点精神自由在人类的精神世界中,也不过是沧海一粟罢了,很多时候,我们也许认为自己的精神并不需要懂得如何去了解宇宙,那一种精神自由只会让我们崩溃。我们隐隐知道,最自由的代价也最高,因此,我们权衡后,只付出我们愿意付出的。 与我年轻时马克思在中国的流行相比,现在他显然被人们淡忘了,即使他的某些理论碎片仍在学校被教授,但我知道,只有要一天世界存在着不公与不平等,马克思就永远不会过时,因马克思替那些感到压抑的人说话,只是那些话已很难安慰人,人们并不会照他说的去砸碎旧世界建立新世界,人们知道,罗马不是一天建成的,被砸碎的锁链其实仍被戴在每个人的身上,我们激情被导向一种细水长流似的社会与人性的改进。 现在,即使是对他的理论很感兴趣的人,也至多会选读他的三五本书吧,若是读得过多,那么,就会错过多达上百位很有意思的政治经济类作家,在当代,他的声音已湮没在信息之海中,现在,有谁会当真认为自己为雇主创造了剩余价值呢?那些当过雇主的,有几人会真诚地认为自己在剥削雇员呢? 八十年代以后的中国,我们才慢慢听到培根、霍布斯、洛克、休谟、柏克、斯密、边沁与潘恩等人的声音,我们理性启蒙开始了,我们懂得,一个很好的社会不可能建立在很少的声音与经验之上。 现在,中国人开始为自己构造一个更为有力的国家,希望这个国家有善意,能助人,人民生活有保障,可以更公正更清楚地讨论某些重要问题,面对未来,更加开放,甚至希望这个国家通过为拥有品牌企业打工所挣得的财富,得到世界的敬意,然而我们真正需要的,却是耐心与努力,是对这个世界进行深刻而有条理的思索与行动,解决当下人类生存所面临的现实问题,为这个世界提供更具远见的洞见。 我们应该懂得,那些杂乱的理论,无论是凯恩斯主义,还是马克思主义,亦或是佛陀主义,都只是我们听到与看到的意识形态标签儿,他们很丰富很有趣,我们戴上他们的眼镜,只是为了体验一下他们的视角与智力,然而我们真正使我们成为自己的,只能是我们自己的发现与创造。 中国社会必须为未来,锻造属于自己社会的头脑,让这些头脑运用智力去思考,当我们无法锻造成功,我们只能只一遍遍去倾听远处飘来的声音,不管那声音在另个世界里多么流行,无论是马克思还是披头四,情形都是一样,我以为,我们就是听得再多再清楚也没有用,因为那声音说得并不是我们——有关“我们是谁,我们是什么,我们将会怎样,我们能够做到什么,我们要成为什么”之类的问题,只能是我们自己的事情。
2008-12-26 GIFT"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on." The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.
2008-11-19 MORE OR LESSTwo elderly women are at a Catskills mountain resort, and one of 'em says, "Boy, the food at this place is really terrible." The other one says, "Yeah, I know, and such small portions." 2008-11-17 哑转—— “中国盒子”,一种一个盒子套一个盒子再套着一个盒子……的盒子 2008-11-11 远~行 一种隐蔽的许诺驱使我们去干比我们所有的否定更有力的事。
我们的强力本身,不容许我们停留在发了霉的原地,因为我们敢于奔于远方,我们敢干。
因为,世界依旧是富庶的和未经发现的,即使毁灭,也比变得不伦不类、变得有毒要好的多。
我们的强大迫使我们飘洋过海,驶向过去众日西沉的地方。我们知道有一个崭新的世界…… 2008-11-06 自信2008-10-30 这是个好年月天黑的好早,突然脑海里就浮现了这个
转 ——
过年期间有天睡前在床上哗啦啦地翻《双城记》,找一句对白。我记得是卡顿对达奈说的,大意是“你做一切事情都比我有信念”。 最近脑海里几次浮现这两个人物——卡顿和达奈,外表极之相像,同样年轻英俊,资质甚佳,也同样高贵善良,可是命运却如同天壤。真是个性决定命运:达奈积极向上,个性全属阳光面;卡顿却萎靡不振,内心像照不到阳光的阴冷房子……两人同时倾心于美丽的女主人公露西,达奈与露西结为眷属,卡顿则只谦卑地要求“允许我作你们的访客……一年中不会超过6次。”后来达奈身陷囹圄,卡顿竟凭着两人外貌上的相似代替他上了刑场,并自认生命价值由此得以最大化:“我爱的人会永远记住我”。 ——我的个性会如何左右我的命运呢? 前前后后把整本书翻了个遍也没找到,只得睡了。早上醒来忽然想起,那句话其实是《围城》里方鸿渐对赵辛楣说的. 今天搜了出来:“我佩服你的精神,我不如你。你对结婚和做事,一切比我有信念。” 我但愿自己可以长久保持信念,不要像方鸿渐那样对一切提不起兴致来——永远灰扑扑蒙着尘的人生,半吊子的人生。 2008-10-27 INSIDE We never know how high we are till we are called to rise.
And then, if we are true to plan, our statures touch the skies.
The heroism we recite would be a daily thing, did not ourselves the cubits warp,
for fear to be a king. 2008-10-22 AS YOU LIKE IT___
All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper’s pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion? Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
2008-09-23 摘 What impress me most of Godfather 2008-09-01 人生无定律转--- 1、坚信定律
2008-08-20 THYSELFThe only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for god to rescue him, and every day he scanned the horizon for help, but none seemed forthcoming. Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions. But then one day, after scavenging for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst had happened; everything was lost. He was stunned with grief and anger. "God! how could you do this to me!" he cried. Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. "how did you know i was here?" asked the weary man of his rescuers. "we saw your smoke signal," they replied. It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad. But we shouldn't lose heart, because god is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering. Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that summons the grace of god. For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, god has a positive answer for it : You say god says bible verses. you say: "it's impossible" god says: all things are possible you say: "I'm too tired" god says: I will give you rest you say: "nobody really loves me" god says: i love you you say: "I can't go on" god says: my grace is sufficient you say: "i can't figure things out" god says: I will direct your steps you say: "I can't do it" god says: you can do all things you say: "I'm not able" god says: i am able you say: "I can't forgive myself" god says: I forgive you you say: "I'm poor" god says: i will supply all your needs you say: "I'm afraid" god says: i have not given you a spirit of fear you say: "I'm always worried and frustrated" god says: cast all your cares on me you say: "i don't have enough faith" god says: I've given everyone a measure of faith you say: "I'm not smart enough" god says: I give you wisdom you say: "I feel all alone" god says: I will never leave you or forsake you
THYSELFThe only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for god to rescue him, and every day he scanned the horizon for help, but none seemed forthcoming. Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions. But then one day, after scavenging for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst had happened; everything was lost. He was stunned with grief and anger. "God! how could you do this to me!" he cried. Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. "how did you know i was here?" asked the weary man of his rescuers. "we saw your smoke signal," they replied. It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad. But we shouldn't lose heart, because god is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering. Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that summons the grace of god. For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, god has a positive answer for it : You say god says bible verses. you say: "it's impossible" god says: all things are possible you say: "I'm too tired" god says: I will give you rest you say: "nobody really loves me" god says: i love you you say: "I can't go on" god says: my grace is sufficient you say: "i can't figure things out" god says: I will direct your steps you say: "I can't do it" god says: you can do all things you say: "I'm not able" god says: i am able you say: "I can't forgive myself" god says: I forgive you you say: "I'm poor" god says: i will supply all your needs you say: "I'm afraid" god says: i have not given you a spirit of fear you say: "I'm always worried and frustrated" god says: cast all your cares on me you say: "i don't have enough faith" god says: I've given everyone a measure of faith you say: "I'm not smart enough" god says: I give you wisdom you say: "I feel all alone" god says: I will never leave you or forsake you
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